The Internationalization Working Group has published a new Working Group Note: Character Model for the World Wide Web: String Matching which provides authors of specifications, software developers, and content developers a common reference on string identity matching on the World Wide Web and thereby increase interoperability.

String identity matching is the process by which a specification or implementation defines whether two string values are the same or different from one another. It describes the ways in which texts that are semantically equivalent can be encoded differently and the impact this has on matching operations important to formal languages. Topics include normalization and case folding.

Original source: https://www.w3.org/blog/news/archives/7545